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Seljuk Fortresses Route

Ahlat Museum

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"Immerse yourself in the vibrant history and rich culture of Türkiye by visiting an exceptional gem hidden away in the historical town of Bitlis - the Ahlat Museum. This is not just a museum; it's a time capsule that transports you back to the ages of sublime Turkish civilizations.

 

 Situated in the ancient town of Ahlat, part of Bitlis province in the majestic eastern part of Türkiye, the Ahlat Museum is a treasure trove of historical artifacts. The museum’s exhibits are organized into four main sections: Archaeological, Urban Memory, Foyer, and Garden. In the Archaeological Hall, you will find artifacts spanning from the Chalcolithic Age, Early and Middle Bronze Age, Late Bronze/Early Iron Age, Middle Iron Age (Urartian), Hellenistic, Roman, Eastern Roman, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods. Each item tells captivating stories of bygone times, including elaborate stone carvings, ornate ceramics, coins, weapons, and even timeless parchments.

 

 Engage with history on a personal level by walking through the ancient tombs and gravestones in the museum's open-air museum section. Each stone is a storyteller, whispering tales of warriors, scholars, and artists who once graced this region. Also, don't miss the remnant ruins of medieval cultures that portray the region's historical transformation over centuries.

 

 The Ahlat Museum in Bitlis, Türkiye, is not just a testament to Türkiye's archaeological wealth and historical lineage, but also a testament to human history, creativity, and resilience. Devote a day to explore this less-trodden yet culturally rich part of Türkiye. The museum's doors are always open to those with a curious mind, eager to discover the beautifully blended cultures and histories of Türkiye. Live the history, embrace the culture, and return carrying a piece of Bitlis's soul.

 

 Don't miss out on this unique exploration opportunity that represents a significant aspect of Türkiye's tourism assets. So, pack your bags and set your course for the Ahlat Museum, where time stands still, and history comes alive!"

Ahlat Seljuk Cemetry

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"The Ahlat Seljuk Cemetery, located in Bitlis, Türkiye, is one of the largest Islamic cemeteries in the world, covering 210,000 square meters with 8,169 tombstones dating from the 12th to 16th centuries. The tombstones serve as essential historical records, reflecting the beliefs, artistic sensibilities, and social structures of the communities that once thrived in Ahlat. They symbolize the cultural bridge between Central Asia and Anatolia, reflecting the Turks' settlement and expansion across Anatolia. The tombstones display three main types: Shahid, Sanduka, and Akıt, reflecting the cultural and historical heritage of the Turkish people. The eastern face often includes the identity of the deceased, their origin, and profession, while the western face features the craftsman's name, Quranic verses, and intricate motifs. Visit the Ahlat Seljuk Cemetery to experience this unparalleled blend of history, art, and cultural legacy.

Ahlat’s Seljuk Cemetery is not just a cemetery; it is the ""Orkhon Monuments of Anatolia"" and a lasting testament to the cultural and historical heritage of the Turkish people. Each stone tells a unique story of warriors, scholars, and artists, narrating the profound history of the region. Visit Ahlat Seljuk Cemetery in Bitlis to experience this unparalleled blend of history, art, and cultural legacy."

Bitlis Houses

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Usually separated from the street by a high wall, isolated from the outside but equally free and original inside, Bitlis houses were built from uniform cut stone with a flat compacted earth roof. Although these structures present a rather subdued exterior, their crowned gates hint that the true charm lies within. Entering through these gates reveals a spacious world, where stone-tiled patios and gardens adorned with various fruit trees welcome visitors with a refreshing ambiance. In the historic center of Bitlis, there are 193 registered historical houses, and in the district of Ahlat, there are 51 such registered residences, exemplifying traditional civil architecture.

Tombs

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Immerse yourself in the fascinating history of Bitlis, Türkiye, by visiting its unique collection of tombs. Explore the testimony of our ancestors, unravel the mysteries of the past, and be a part of an extraordinary journey back in time. Nestled in the heart of Türkiye, Bitlis presents a vibrant palette of cultures, histories, and civilizations, told through its enchanting tombs. These tombs are not just structures of brick and stone; they are volumes in the great book of human history. Every edifice speaks of meticulous craftsmanship and stands as a tribute to the lost civilizations. Bitlis is incredibly rich in tombs from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods. The remarkable Seljuk mausoleums with their elegant calligraphy and intricate stone carvings are a sight to behold! Feel your heart pound as you traverse the narrow entrances that open up to reveal fascinating inscriptions, intricate patterns, and masterful architecture echoing the vibrancy of life in ancient times. Every tomb is like a page turned from ancient days, each holding a unique story to tell. Türkiye's rich history coupled with its overpowering natural beauty makes for an unforgettable sight, leaving visitors in awe. Visit Bitlis, step into a different era, and satiate your thirst for history. Experience the chilling thrill of discovery and the warmth of ancient tales echoing through the ageless tombs. Come, venture into the unforgettable journey of a lifetime! Once you've tasted the enchanting blend of history and culture that Bitlis has to offer, turning back won’t be an option. Don't hesitate! Let the tombs of Bitlis, Türkiye, whisk you away on a remarkable journey back in time.

Adilcevaz Kef Castle

Adilcevaz Kef Castle, situated on the shores of Lake Van, is like an open-air museum. While some of its historical artifacts are well-known, many have not received the recognition they deserve, scattered around Adilcevaz's surroundings. Adilcevaz Kef Castle is one of these treasures. Built on a hill just west of the Adilcevaz district center in Bitlis, its history dates back to the Urartian period. The castle was used by all civilizations that later ruled the region, undergoing multiple restorations. The walls and towers visible today date back to the Middle Ages. With the arrival of the Turks in Anatolia, the castle came under the control of the Anatolian Seljuks, Khwarezmshahs, Ilkhanids, Karakoyunlu, and Safavid dynasties. It gained importance in 1534 when it came under Ottoman rule and became a district center. At the beginning of this period, it found itself caught between Ottoman and Safavid rivalries. Shah Tahmasp (1534–1576), who succeeded his father Shah Ismail, invaded and destroyed Adilcevaz Kef Castle. The Ottomans later restored the castle and exempted the people from certain taxes for an extended period. The castle was described in detail by Evliya Çelebi, who visited in 1655. At that time, it had 38 towers and three gates. On the lake side of the hill where the castle stands, there is another walled settlement area called the Lower City. Remains of a mosque, warehouse, and cistern from this area have survived to this day. The Grand Mosque (Grand Mosque), which Evliya Çelebi referred to as Süleyman Han Mosque, and the Zal Pasha (Tuğrul Bey) Mosque are still in use today after restorations. However, all the houses in the Lower City settlement have been lost, with only ruins remaining. Within the now-ruined Adilcevaz Kef Castle, there is a cave called Davullu. According to legend, it is said that Ali, the cousin of Prophet Muhammad, once ascended to this cave with his horse to rest. Remarkably, hoof marks can still be seen, providing a path up to the cave.

Ahlat Rock Settlements

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The Ahlat Rock Settlements have been used for various purposes since ancient times and have survived to the present day. They are said to be one of the first rock settlement areas in the Eastern Anatolia region. Factors such as severe earthquakes in the region, the need to settle in fertile valleys due to drought, the destruction of settlements due to wars and invasions, and harsh climatic conditions contributed to the emergence of these rock settlements. The destruction and collapse of the western side of the Old Ahlat Fortress led to the loss of dozens of caves, while the caves on the eastern side have survived. These rock structures, carved into the stone, are generally two stories with similar layouts. The rock cavities have been arranged as places of worship and dwellings. The most notable of the rock settlements features a large, well-ordered space with a barrel-vaulted roof, accessed through a door with muqarnas decoration above. On the wall directly opposite the entrance, there are two peacock figures carved in relief into the rock. Just behind this area and directly opposite the entrance, there is an apse with a small room inside. Additionally, there are two small rooms on either side of the entrance, each accessible through doors opening into vaulted spaces. These caves, which are formed from rock cavities, are believed to have been used as military depots and cold storage during the fortress's prosperous period. Some of the rock cavities were used as residences and places of worship until recent times.

Tuğrul Bey (Zal Paşa) Mosque

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The Tughrul Bey Mosque, known as Anatolia's first domed mosque, is located beneath the Adilcevaz Castle on the Ahlat-Adilcevaz road near Lake Van. Built in the 16th century by Zal Pasha, a vizier of Suleiman the Magnificent, this mosque showcases the early Ottoman Grand Mosque architectural plan. The mosque is built from local Ahlat stone and features twelve small domes. The mosque includes a three-domed portico on the northern side, formed by two columns and connecting walls. At the center of the portico, the mosque’s entrance displays a pointed arch within a recessed niche, although the space above the doorway intended for an inscription remains empty. There are also windows on either side of the entrance. The prayer hall, a rectangular space, is supported by four columns connected by arches, with nine small domes atop stone pendentives covering the hall. On the eastern and western sides of the hall, two rows of pointed arch windows are arranged, with the upper row containing one additional window. Facing the mihrab, three pointed arch windows are arranged in two rows. The mihrab itself projects outward in a pentagonal shape and is capped with a pyramidal hood. A square-based minaret, adorned with meander motifs and ornamental bands near the top of its base, is attached to the northwest corner of the mosque, adjoining the portico. The base transitions into a round shaft, which is further embellished with white stone patterns, giving it a more striking appearance.