Özkonak Underground City
The Cappadocia region boasts around 150-200 underground settlements that hold significant cultural importance, with more expected to be discovered due to the prevalence of rock settlements throughout the area. These underground cities were predominantly built by carving soft tuff to create deep caves, aiming to provide a safe living environment for residents and hinder potential invaders through the complex interconnected layout. Özkonak Underground City, located 14 km from Avanos, exemplifies this architectural style, with extensive galleries and tunnels designed on the denser tuff layers of Mount Idiş. Unlike other underground cities in the region, Özkonak features narrow openings that aid communication between different levels and provide ventilation when sealed properly. The integration of such underground cities showcases the historical ingenuity and defensive strategies of the civilizations in the region.
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