Bitlis Castle

Bitlis Castle (Bitlis Kalesi) was built by Badlis, a commander of Alexander the Great, in 330 BCE. The castle stands on a steep rock formation at the confluence of two branches of the Bitlis River, creating a formidable fortified position extending from east to west. It is 2800 meters in circumference, 56 meters high, and enclosed by 7-meter-thick walls. According to historical accounts, the upper part of the castle housed a grand palace, 300 households, an inn, a mosque, and a minaret, while the lower castle contained a bazaar with three iron gates overlooking the river, a bedesten (covered bazaar), and several hundred houses. The castle is fortified with 670 open battlements, each with an additional concealed loophole beneath, providing strong defensive features. Due to its location on an inaccessible and steep hill, the castle lacks a surrounding moat, relying instead on its natural defenses. The castle also included observation towers and caves filled with supplies and ammunition, according to sources. Although only the castle remains today, periodic restorations have preserved its impressive appearance. Additionally, remnants of a watchtower on Dideban Hill, overlooking Bitlis’ mountainous neighborhoods, suggest it once served as a signal point for the castle.